/traderous

-- Class: Promise

-- This is a way to communicate with an asynchronous function call that

-- is modeled after the Promises/A CommonJS spec <http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises/A>.

-- The main difference is that instead of then(), it uses andThen() as the connecting

-- method name, since 'then' is a reserved word in Lua.

--

-- A function that is asynchronous in nature can return a new Promise instance.

-- The caller can then register callbacks via the promise's andThen() method, which

-- are called when the asynchronous operation completes (in the parlance, fulfilling

-- the promise) or fails (rejecting the promise). A promise can have many callbacks attached

-- by repeatedly calling andThen() on the same promise. All callbacks will fire simultaneously.

--

-- If a promise has already failed or been fulfilled, you can still call andThen() on it.

-- If this happens, the callbacks trigger immediately. This may not be what you expect, so

-- beware.

--

-- This implementation is based heavily on RSVP.js <https://github.com/tildeio/rsvp.js>.

Promise = Class:extend

{

	-- Property: state

	-- Current state of the promise: may be 'unfulfilled', 'fulfilled', or 'failed'.

	-- This property should be considered read-only. Use resolve() or reject() to change

	-- the state of the promise.

	state = 'unfulfilled',

	-- private property: _onFulfills

	-- A table of functions to call when the promise is fulfilled.

	_onFulfills = {},

	-- private property: _onFails

	-- A table of functions to call when the promise is rejected.

	_onFails = {},

	-- private property: _onProgresses

	-- A function that receives calls periodically as progress is made towards completing

	-- the promise. It's up to whatever asynchronous function that owns the promise to make

	-- these calls; promises do not call this by themselves.

	_onProgresses = {},

	-- Method: fulfill

	-- Fulfills the promise, notifying all registered fulfillment handlers (e.g. via <andThen>).

	--

	-- Arguments:

	--		Multiple, will be passed to fulfillment handlers

	--

	-- Returns:

	--		nothing

	fulfill = function (self, ...)

		if STRICT then

			assert(self.state == 'unfulfilled', 'Tried to fulfill a promise whose state is ' .. (self.state or 'nil'))

		end

		self.state = 'fulfilled'

		self._fulfilledWith = {...}

		for _, func in pairs(self._onFulfills) do

			func(...)

		end

	end,

	-- Method: progress

	-- Notifies all registered progress handlers.

	--

	-- Arguments:

	--		Multiple, will be passed to progress handlers

	--

	-- Returns:

	--		nothing

	progress = function (self, ...)

		if STRICT then

			assert(self.state == 'unfulfilled', 'Tried to send progress on a promise whose state is ' .. (self.state or 'nil'))

		end

		for _, func in pairs(self._onProgresses) do

			func(...)

		end

	end,

	-- Method: fail

	-- Fails the promise, notifying all registered failure handlers (e.g. via <andThen>).

	--

	-- Arguments:

	--		errorMessage - error message, will be passed to failure handlers

	--

	-- Returns:

	--		nothing

	fail = function (self, errorMessage)

		if STRICT then

			assert(self.state == 'unfulfilled', 'Attempted to fail a promise whose state is ' .. (self.state or 'nil'))

		end

		self.state = 'failed'

		self._failedWith = errorMessage

		for _, func in pairs(self._onFails) do

			func(errorMessage)

		end

	end,

	-- Method: andThen

	-- Registers fulfillment, failure, and progress handlers for a promise. This can be called

	-- repeatedly to register several handlers on the same event, and all handlers are optional.

	--

	--

	-- Arguments:

	--		onFulfill - function to call when this promise is fulfiled

	--		onFail - function to call when this promise fails

	--		onProgress - function to call when this promise makes progress

	--

	-- Returns:

	--		A new promise that fulfills or fails after the passed onFulfill or onFail handlers

	--		complete. If either a onFulfill or onFail returns a promise, this new promise will

	--		not fulfill or fail until that returned promise does the same. This way, you can chain

	--		together promises.

	andThen = function (self, onFulfill, onFail, onProgress)

		if STRICT then

			local tFulfill = type(onFulfill)

			local tFail = type(onFail)

			local tProgress = type(onProgress)

			assert(tFulfill == 'function' or tFulfill == 'nil', 'Fulfilled handler for promise is ' .. tFulfill ..', not a function')

			assert(tFail == 'function' or tFail == 'nil', 'Failed handler for promise is ' .. tFail .. ', not a function')

			assert(tProgress == 'function' or tProgress == 'nil', 'Progress handler for promise is ' .. tProgress ..', not a function')

		end

		local childPromise = Promise:new()

		-- we add entries, even with nil callbacks, so that

		-- fulfillments and failures propagate up the chain

		table.insert(self._onFulfills, function (...)

			childPromise:_complete(onFulfill, 'fulfill', ...)

		end)

		table.insert(self._onFails, function (errorMessage)

			childPromise:_complete(onFail, 'fail', errorMessage)

		end)

		table.insert(self._onProgresses, onProgress)

		-- immediately trigger callbacks if we are already fulfilled or failed

		if self.state == 'fulfilled' and onFulfill then

			if self._fulfilledWith then

				childPromise:_complete(onFulfill, 'fulfill', unpack(self._fulfilledWith))

			else

				childPromise:_complete(onFulfill, 'fulfill')

			end

		end

		if self.state == 'failed' and onFail then

			childPromise:_complete(onFail, 'fail', self._failedWith)

		end

		return childPromise

	end,

	-- Method: andAlways

	-- A shortcut method that adds both fulfillment and failure handlers

	-- to a promise.

	--

	-- Arguments:

	--		func - function to call when this promise is fulfiled or failed

	--

	-- Returns:

	--		A new promise that fulfills or fails after the handler

	--		complete. If the handler returns a promise, this new promise will

	--		not fulfill or fail until that returned promise does the same.

	--		This way, you can chain together promises.

	andAlways = function (self, func)

		return self:andThen(func, func)

	end,

	-- internal method: _complete

	-- Handles fulfilling or failing a promise so that chaining works properly,

	-- and that errors are passed to the promise's fail method. 

	--

	-- arguments:

	--		callback - callback to call, can be nil

	--		defaultAction - if unsure as to whether to fulfill or fail, use this

	--		... - values to pass to the callback

	_complete = function (self, callback, defaultAction, ...)

		local results, errorMessage

		-- call the callback

		if callback then

			results = { pcall(callback, ...) }

			-- if the call succeeded, peel off that flag

			if results[1] then

				table.remove(results, 1)

			else

				errorMessage = results[2]

				results = nil

			end

		end

		-- if the callback returned a new promise, we link the current promise to it

		if results and type(results[1]) == 'table' and results[1].instanceOf and results[1]:instanceOf(Promise) then

			results[1]:andThen(function(...) self:fulfill(...) end, function(errorMessage) self:fail(errorMessage) end)

		-- if the callback returned a regular value, fulfill the promise

		elseif callback and results then

			if #results > 1 then

				self:fulfill(unpack(results))

			else

				self:fulfill(results[1])

			end

		-- if there was any kind of error, fail

		elseif errorMessage then

			self:fail(errorMessage)

			error(errorMessage)

		-- and if we did not actually have a callback, fall back to the default action

		-- (we have to simulate colon calling syntax here)

		else

			self[defaultAction](self, ...)

		end

	end

}